Which of the following factors does NOT influence climate?

Longitude does not directly influence climate in the same way that the other factors listed do. Climate is primarily affected by various geographical and environmental factors that dictate temperature, precipitation patterns, and seasonal changes.

Elevation plays a critical role in climate because temperature typically decreases as altitude increases, resulting in different climatic conditions at higher elevations compared to sea level. Latitude is essential as it determines the angle of sunlight received at different locations, affecting temperature and seasonal variation; areas closer to the equator experience warmer climates while polar regions are much colder. Prevailing winds also significantly influence climate by transporting air masses, moisture, and heat across different regions, which can lead to varying weather patterns.

Thus, while longitude provides important information about location, it does not inherently affect climate the way elevation, latitude, and prevailing winds do.