What is the effect of methane gas in the atmosphere related to energy?

The chosen answer highlights the significant role that methane plays in the atmosphere, particularly in relation to energy interactions. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and when it enters the atmosphere, it interacts with incoming solar radiation and outgoing heat energy.

This interaction contributes to the greenhouse effect, where methane traps heat within the atmosphere, leading to an increase in global temperatures. Its efficacy as a greenhouse gas is far greater than that of carbon dioxide over a short timescale, making it a critical factor in climate change discussions. By absorbing infrared radiation, methane prevents heat from escaping back into space, thus influencing energy dynamics in the Earth's atmosphere.

In contrast, other options do not accurately represent methane's impact. While temperature changes may be a consequence of methane’s greenhouse effect, the assertion that it decreases atmospheric temperatures or has no significant effect is inconsistent with established climate science. Additionally, the idea that it solidifies moisture in the air is not relevant to its function as a greenhouse gas. Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes methane's pivotal role in atmospheric energy interactions and its contributions to climate change.