What is a genetic mutation?

A genetic mutation refers to a variation in the DNA sequence that can occur in many forms, such as substitutions, insertions, or deletions of nucleotides. These changes at the molecular level can affect the genetic information encoded in the DNA, potentially leading to alterations in traits or functions manifested in an organism. Genetic mutations are significant because they can contribute to the diversity of genes within a population, which is essential for evolution and adaptation.

The options provided include unrelated concepts or involve other biomolecules. Changes in RNA structure typically pertain to processes like transcription or splicing, while modifications in protein structure deal with post-translational modifications rather than changes in the genetic code itself. Alterations in carbohydrate structure relate to sugars and polysaccharides, which are not classified as genetic mutations. Hence, the correct choice accurately encapsulates the essence of what a genetic mutation is by focusing on its basis in DNA sequence variation.