What does the atomic weight of an element represent in relation to moles of atoms?

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The atomic weight of an element effectively represents the mass of one mole of its atoms measured in grams. This is derived from the concept of moles in chemistry, where one mole is defined as Avogadro's number, approximately (6.022 \times 10^{23}) entities (atoms, in this case). The atomic weight, typically expressed in atomic mass units (amu), when numerically equal to the weight in grams, indicates how much one mole of that element would weigh. For example, if an element has an atomic weight of 12 amu, it means that one mole of that element weighs 12 grams.

This relationship allows chemists to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles it contains, which is essential in stoichiometry for calculating reactions and amounts of reactants and products in chemical processes. Thus, option B accurately describes this fundamental concept in chemistry.

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