What does biodiversity refer to?

Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life found within a particular habitat or ecosystem, making it a crucial aspect of environmental science. It includes not only the number of different species present but also the genetic variation within those species and the variety of ecosystems in which they exist. This diversity is vital for ecosystem resilience, allowing environments to adapt to changes and pressures, like climate change or habitat destruction.

While the total number of species in the world is a component of biodiversity, it doesn't capture the broader and more nuanced definition that includes genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity. The study of interactions between organisms is an essential part of ecology but does not solely determine biodiversity. Lastly, although biodiversity can be an indicator of ecosystem health, it itself represents more than just a measure of that health; it embodies the complex web of life that sustains ecological balance.