What common effect do sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide have on human health?

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are both pollutants that can severely impact human health, primarily through their effects on the respiratory system. When inhaled, these gases can lead to respiratory irritation, which can manifest as symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and exacerbation of asthma and other respiratory conditions.

The mechanisms by which these gases cause harm are related to their ability to irritate the mucous membranes of the lungs and airways. High concentrations or prolonged exposure can lead to more severe health issues, including bronchitis and a heightened risk of lung infections. Particularly vulnerable populations include individuals with pre-existing respiratory diseases, children, and the elderly.

In contrast, the other choices suggest positive health effects that are not supported by scientific data. There is no evidence that sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide enhances lung capacity, benefits skin health, or improves mental acuity. In fact, their presence in the air often correlates with poorer health outcomes, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and mitigating their harmful effects.