In what ways do scientists communicate their findings?

Scientists communicate their findings primarily through research papers, presentations, and peer-reviewed journals because these methods provide a structured and formal platform for sharing their work with the scientific community and the public. Research papers present detailed methodologies, results, and discussions that allow other scientists to review, evaluate, and replicate findings. Presentations, whether at conferences or seminars, facilitate face-to-face interactions where scientists can discuss their work, receive immediate feedback, and foster collaborations. Peer-reviewed journals ensure that the research has been evaluated by experts in the field, thus validating the findings before the work is published, which adds to the credibility of the research.

While private discussions and the use of social media can certainly play roles in the communication of scientific findings, they do not provide the same level of formal validation and wide-reaching impact as the methods mentioned in the correct answer. Textbooks focus more on established knowledge rather than new findings, so they do not capture the essence of scientific communication about newly conducted research.