How do vaccines protect against diseases?

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Vaccines play a crucial role in protecting against diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize pathogens. When a vaccine is administered, it introduces a harmless component of the pathogen, such as an inactive virus or a piece of its genetic material, into the body. This prompts the immune system to respond as if it is encountering the actual pathogen.

As the immune system engages with the vaccine, it produces antibodies and activates various immune cells. This process forms a memory of the pathogen, allowing the body to recognize and respond more effectively if it encounters the real pathogen in the future. Thus, the immune system is better prepared to prevent infection or mitigate the severity of the disease.

This approach does not involve directly killing pathogens already present in the body, nor does it guarantee immunity to all diseases. Additionally, while vaccines significantly reduce the risk of infection and its associated effects, they do not completely eliminate the possibility of infection. Instead, they enhance the body's readiness to fight off specific diseases if exposed.

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