How do scientific theories differ from hypotheses?

Scientific theories and hypotheses serve different roles in the scientific method, and the distinction is crucial for understanding the nature of scientific inquiry. The correct answer highlights that theories are supported by extensive evidence, whereas hypotheses are typically initial conjectures or educated guesses that are meant to be tested.

Theories arise from repeated experimentation and substantial evidence that cohesively explain a body of knowledge within a particular field. They integrate and synthesize various hypotheses that have been tested and validated over time, often becoming frameworks that guide further research. For instance, the theory of evolution or the theory of relativity is based on extensive, peer-reviewed scientific work and observational data.

In contrast, hypotheses are developed as starting points for investigation. They propose explanations for phenomena that researchers can test through experimentation and observation. A hypothesis is not yet extensively validated and might even be proven false, which means they need to be tested and scrutinized rigorously.

This clarity regarding the roles of theories and hypotheses helps underline the rigorous nature of scientific work, focusing on the importance of empirical evidence and validation in developing robust scientific understanding.